Sash and frame construction



June2, 1,942. y J. c. MURPHY Erm. u. 2,234,759A

sAsH Aim MAMEl coNsfnnUcI'IoN Filed June 4, 1,940 2 Sheets-*Sheet l a7;1 E 4 a a7 a2 32 I ZZ' f2l 11v Era. J. g

4 Hon/,4m omar/v INVENTOR5 ATTORNEY June '2, 1942. J. c. MURPHY ETAL.2,284,759

sAsH AND""FRAME vc'oNsTRuJTIQN Filed June 4, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I f fI7 3 25.1257341607 *7j 2f 26 Z I7 j :fama/v 6. Mak/wr UNITED TEs .PATENTOFFICE 2,284,759 sAsH AND FRAME CONSTRUCTION Judson C. Murphy, SanMarino, and Howard B. Coldren, Compton, Calif.

`Application June 4, 194i), Serial No. 338,704

` (Ci. :2o- 52) V5 Claims. Our invention relates to a sash and frameconstruction andhas particular reference to a sash and frameconstruction including an improved means for obtaining a weather sealbetween the sash and the frame.

It is common practice in present day building constructions to mountWindow sashes within a Window frame for vertical sliding movementbetween open and closed positions and to guide these sashes during suchsliding movement by means of vertically extending stop strips secured tothe vertical members or jambs of the frame to define channels withinwhich the sash may slide. The sash should be closely tted between thejambs and between the stop strips in order to provide a weather sealbetween the sash and the frame. v

It has been found, however, that due to tem perature and humiditychanges and aging of the wood from which the sash and trame areconstructed the .parts tend to swell and warp so as to cause the sash tobind and be difficult to slide. I n order to avoid this diiculty, it isthe common practice to provide relatively loose fit between the sash andthe frame so as to permit swelling and Warpage to occur without causingthe sash to bind. This expedient permits considerable leakage of air andheat .between or other defective so as to impair the usefulness of thesash and frame construction.

It is therefore an object of our invention to provide a sash and frameconstruction in which a one-piece sash is removably supported in aone-piece frame.

It is also an object of our invention to provide a sash and frameconstruction of the character set forth in the preceding paragraph inwhich a means is included for normally retaining the sash in placewithin the frame.

It is anv additional object of our invention to provide a sash and frameconstruction of the character set forth in the preceding paragraphswhich includes a means for establishing a weather seal between the sashand the frame.

It is another object of our invention to provide a sash and frameconstruction in which a means is provided on the sash for engaging theframe with a predetermined sealing pressure to provide a weather sealbetween the sash and the frame.

the sash andl the frame and recourse has been .had to specialweather-stripping devices intended` to reduce this leakage to a minimum.

This diflculty has been overcome to a considerable extent in steel4 ormetal sash constructions wherein the parts do not have the same tendencyto change shape and size as is the case with wood frames. Metal sash is,however, considerably' more expensive than wood construction and forthis reason wood construction is usually preferred in spite of theattendant disf advantages.

Another dimculty which is encountered in sash and frame constructions iscommon to bothV metal and wooden sash. This diiiiculty resides in thenecessity for making the stop strips removable from the jamb in order topermit the sash to be removed from the frame. In the case of metal sashconstructions this adds to the eX- pense involved in the manufacture andinstallation of the sash, and in the case of wood sash, results in thespoiling of the iinish of the window frame whenever it is required toremove the stop strips to permit the sash to be removed from the frame.

Present sash and frame constructions are also formed of a considerablenumber of pieces, thus adding to their cost of manufacture andinstallation. Furthermore, the relatively large number of parts employedrequire a corresponding number of joints which may in time becomeloosened It is also anobject of our invention to provide a sash andframe construction of the character set forth in the precedingparagraphs which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture and install.

It is a still further object of our invention to provide aweather-strippingunit for use on. slid ing sash which includes a meansYengageable with the Aframe jambs to Y effect the desired Weather sealingoperation, together with a coacting means for maintaining apredetermined pressure engagement between the sealing means and thejambs.

Other objects and advantages of our invention will be apparent from astudy of the following specications, read in connectionwith theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is an elevational View illustrating the n appearance of one formof sash and frame construction of our invention;

Fig. 2 isa fragmentary vertical section taken through the upper rail andlintel substantially along the line II-II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of one corner of theframe and sash construction showing the manner in which a spring typesash counter-balance is installed;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken substantially along the lineIV-IV of Fig. 1 to illus` trate the manner in which the sash issupported betweenv the jambs and the manner in which a weather seal isVobtained between the sash and the frame;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary cross sectional view taken substantially alongthe line V-V of Fig. 1 to show-the manner in which the lower sashrailcooperates with the sill to provide the necessary weather seal atthat point; and

Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating one form of weather-strippingunit which may be incorporated in the sash construction of our inventionto provide the desired weather seal between the sash and the frame.

Referring to the drawings, we have illustrated in Fig. 1 a windowopening which is provided in a wall I and framed by means of verticaljamb members 2 and 3 surmounted at their upper ends by a stile member 4and resting upon a lower horizontal sill member 5. These may compriseseparate members or constitute an integral onepiece frame as desired.Within the frame thus defined is mounted a pair of window sashes 6 and1, each sash preferably including horizontal rails 8 and 9 held in therequired vertical spaced relation to each other as by means of stiles IUand I I, the sash thus defined serving to support a window light, suchas a pane of glass I2 or other suitable window light material. Thesashes may similarly be formed of separate pieces secured to each otheror be of integral, one-piece construction as desired. As is more clearlyshown in Fig. 4, each of the jambs 2 and 3 may be supported in theirrequired positions within the wall I as by securing them to suitablewindow bucks or studs I3 and I4.

It is customary to form the interior surface of the wall I by securingto the studs I3 and Iii a suitable insulating lath material I upon whichis placed plaster or other suitable cementitious finish material I6. Inorder to prevent chipping and cracking of the plaster I6 adjacent thewindow opening and in order to provide a neat appearing finish at thispoint, we prefer to form the outer side of the jamb members 2 and 3 withoutwardly facing grooves, such as those indicated at I1 in Fig. 4, intowhich the plaster I3 may be forced to provide, when hardened, a plasterlock preventing relative movement between the plaster and the jambmembers 2 and 3. It will be observed also that by this means theplastered surface is caused to die within the groove I1 so that theresulting rough edge is completely hidden from view. The interiorappearance may also be enhanced by grooving or otherwise tooling theinterior edge of the jamb members 2 and 3 as indicated at I8.

A similar construction may be employed at the outer surface of the wallI as by providing an outwardly directed groove I9 within which thestucco or exterior finish material may be locked. It is customary inbuilding constructions to interpose between the stucco material 20 andthe studs I3 and I4 immediately adjacent window openings, a metalflashing 2 i. The flashing material should be sealed to the window frameand for this purpose we provide each of the jambs 2 and 3 with a grooveor slot 23 extended inwardly from the outer surface of the jamb members2 and 3 for receiving the inner edge of the flashing 2 I. The exteriorappearance may be enchanced, as desired, by grooving or tooling theexterior edge of the jamb members 2 and 3 as indicated at 24.

The aforementioned window sashes 6 and 1 may be supported between thejambs 2 and 3 for vertical sliding movement as by providing in theinwardly directed face of each of these jamb members a verticallyextending channel having a rectangular cross section substantiallyconforming to the width of the stile members II) and I I. Each of thechannels may be defined by pairs of stop members 25a formed eitherseparately or integrally with the jambs. The channels are preferablymade somewhat wider than the thickness of the stile members so thatswelling and warping of these members is permitted without causing abind between the sash and the frame.

The sash receiving and guiding channels 26 which are formed in the jambmember 2 are preferably made enough deeper than the correspondingchannels 25 in the jamb member 3 to permit the sashes 6 and 1 to be slidto the right; as indicated in Fig. 4 to the bottom of the channels 2Eand free the left hand edges of the sashes 6 and 'I from the channels25. When this condition obtains, the sash may be pivotally moved aboutthe right hand stile members II to swing the sash out of the windowopening which is delined by the jambs 2 and 3, thus permitting the sashto be bodily removed from the window frame.

The sash may be retained in a normal position such as that illustratedin Fig. 4 by providing each of the stile members II with a verticallyextending recess 21 within which is secured a spring pressedweather-stripping unit 28. This unit is preferably constructed along thelines illustrated in Fig. 6 and comprises a channelshaped member 29 tothe back of which is secured one or more leaf springs 30 adapted to bearagainst the bottom of the recess 21 and urge the channel member 29outwardly against the bottom of the sash receiving channel 26. Thevertical movement of the channel member 29 relative to the stiles I Imay be prevented by loosely securing the back of the channel member 29to the bottom of the recess 21 as by means of a screw or similarattaching means 3 I.

Between the flanges or legs of the channel member 29 we pivotallysupport a plurality of rollers 32, the rollers 32 being spaced along thelength of the channel member 29 as desired. The outer ends of the legsof the channel member 29 are preferably turned back as indicated at 33to provide a smooth rounded surface to bear against the bottom of thesash receiving channel 26. Similar devices are preferably employed inconnection with each of the stiles I, these devices (indicated byreference character 34 in Fig. 4) being identical with the weather-stripunit 28 with the exception that the leaf spring 30 is omitted and thechannel portions 29 thereof are secured in fixed position in a recess 35formed in the edge of the stiles I0.

Each of the jambs 2 and 3 are preferably provided with a track means forreceiving the flanges 33 and roller 32, which track means mayconveniently comprise a plurality of longitudinally extending grooves35a, one for the rollers 32 and one for each of the flanges 33. Thegrooves 35a are preferably formed with a cross section conforming to theshape of the periphery of the roller 32 and the shape of the flanges 33,this conformity being obtained in the device illustrated herein byemploying grooves having an arcuate cross section. This track means maycomprise separate members secured to the jambs, or may (as in the formshown) comprise grooves which are cut into the jambs themselves. Ifdesired, such grooves may be lined as with metal or as by spraying asuitable plastic material such as Bakelite upon the material of whichthe jambs 2 and 3 are formed so as to provide a smooth, slick surface.

It will be observed that the springs 30 operate to force the sash to theleft as indicated in Fig. 4 to bring the rollers 32 and flanges 33 ofthe weatherestrip units. 34 into engagement with the bottoms of thegrooves 35a in the jamb 3 and at the same time bring the correspondingportionsV of the weather-strip units V2liv into engagement with thebottom of the grooves in the j amb 2.

In order that adequate sealing pressure may be obtained between thecylindrical flanges 33 and the jarnbs 2 and 3, the rollers 32 are sopositioned between the flanges 33 that the flanges will be iirst broughtinto engagement withthe grooves provided therefor and then flexedsufciently to permitI the rollers 32 to engage the grooves providedtherefor as the springrSforces the unit 29 outwardly; The amount ofVflexure which is imparted to the flanges 33 thus determines the amountol sealing pressure which is applied between Vthese flanges and thejambs 2 and 3.

It will be observed that by this construction the sash is held in placewithin the guiding channels 25V and 26 and adequate weather seal isprovided around the edges of the sash. It will be furthermore observedthat the engagement of the rollers 32 and flanges 33 with their trackmeans or grooves 35a serves to hold the sashes against movementtransversely of the plane of the window opening, thus permitting thechannels 25 and 23 to be made considerably wider than the thickness ofthe Stiles so that later swelling and warping will not cause the sash tobind or stick. The construction described provides an adequate weatherseal at the sides of the window even though the channels 25 and 26 arethus widened. Y

Leakage of air or moisture down channels 21 behind the back of thechannel members 29 may be prevented as by extending a piece of metal 33rearwardly to overlie the upper end of the channel 2l'. The piece 36maybe form-ed integrally with the channel member 29 and comprise aportion of the stock from which Ythe channel member 29 is formed. y

Each of the sashes E and 'i may be counterbalanced to permit them toremain in any position in which they may he placed by providing a thatwhen the clip member 4l is disposed in such upright position, the legs43 and 4l will be prevented from passing beneath the overhangingportions of the clips M and 45. This construction permits the springtype counter-balances to be readily `and -speedily connected ordisconnected from the sashes at' such times as it isdesired to remove orre-install the sashes within the frame.

The desired weather seal at the top of the sash 3 may be provided bygrooving the upper rail 8 as indicated at 63' and by disposing withinthis groove a horizontally extending strip of spring material 53 so thatwhen the sash E is moved toits uppermost position, as illustrated inFig. 2, the spring material 5t may be brought into engagement with theunder surface of the lintel 4 to provide the desired weather seal.

As was described in connection with the jambs :i and 3, the lintel l mayalso be channeled as indicated at 5l and 52 to receive the Width of therails 3 and the upper surface of the lint'el 4 may be channeled aslindicated at 53 to provide a plaster lock at the junction of theinterior finish ES with the lintel. At the exterior surface, theaforementioned flash-ing El may be turned outwardly over the uppersurface of the lintel 4 which is at this point preferably sloped out-`spring type of counter-balance 3l which may be inserted upwardly througha recess or slot 38 provided in the lintel il. The end of the tensionedtape or cord 33 may be secured to the sash 6 as by means or" adetachable clip construction constructed along the lines illustrated inFigs. 2 and G. This construction may include a clip member 40 secured tothe upper end of the channel members 29 and a coacting clip member 4Isecured to the end of the tape 39. The clip member fill may include adownwardly extending portion l2 secured as by spot welding or rivetingto the back of the channel member 23 and a forward horizontallyextending portion 43 Which'is bifurcated and turned back upon itself toprovide ears mi and d5, These ears are adapted to engage outwardlyextending legs 45 and 41 formed on the lower end of the clip member 4|,which clip member also includes an upper portionA adapted to be securedto the end of the tape 39.

The ears la and [l5 are preferably bent back somewhat more than a half`circle and the legs i6 and fil are made of an elongated rectangularcross section so that these legs may be rst laid flat and slipped underthe overhanging portions ol' the ears all and 45 and then turned to anupright position as is illustrated in Fig. 2. The relative proportionsof the parts are so adjusted wardly and downwardly as indicated at 54 toprovide gravity drainage of any moisture that may get through the stucco23 and be caught by the hashing 2l. If desired, the outermost edge ofthe lintel i may be provided with a slight overhang or eave 55 to cause.such moisture to drip freely rather than flow downwardly over the outeredge of the lintel.

A similar scheme may be employed for obtaining the desired weather sealat the lower edge of the inner sash l. As .indicated in Fig. 5, thelower edge o f the indicated at 5t and a narrow strip of spring material57 is secured in this groove so as to be brought into engagement withthe upper surface of the sill 5 when the sash l is moved to its closedposition. As in conventional constructions,'the sill 5 is preferablyangularly disposed so as to provide for `the outward drainage of watercollecting thereon.

From the foregoing it will be observed that we have provided a uniqueone-piece sash and frame construction which permits the sash to beremoved from the frame without dismantling or removing any of the frameparts.

It. will be furthermore observed that the sash construction of ourinvention includes a weatherstripping unit which not only establishesthe desired weather sealV between the sash and. the frame, but permitsthe sash to be otherwise loosely supported within the frame so thatswelling of the wooden parts will not result in binding and sticking ofthe sash.

Attention is called to the fact that the weather-stripping unit abovedescribed may also be employed on existing window structures of conventional construction and when so employed will provide an adequateweather seal which has hitherto been unobtainable.

It will also be noted from the foregoing that the sash and frameconstruction of our invention employs a minimum number of parts and thatthese parts are so arranged as to permit thev ready and inexpensivemanufacture and instale lation of the sash and frame while includingVade-` quate means for effecting a neat and satisfaclower rail 3 ispreferably grooved asl tory junction between the frame parts and theinterior finish material.

While we have shown and described the preferred embodiment of ourinvention, we do not desire to be limited to any of the details ofconstruction shown or described herein, except as defined in theappended claims.

We claim:

1. In a sash and frame construction, the combination of a frameincluding a pair of spaced parallelly extending jambs each carrying alongitudinally extending track means on the inward- 1y directed facethereof; a sash slidably retained between said jambs; and a weathersealing unit for each of said jambs including a stiff resilient memberextending longitudinally of said jamb carried by said sash for slidablemovement therewith in a position engaging said jamb and having anoutwardly directed portion conforming to the shape of said track means,spring means urging said resilient member into pressure engagement withsaid jamb, and means carried by said mem'- ber in a position to alsoengage said jamb for limiting said pressure engagement to apredetermined value.

2. In a sash and frame construction, the combination of a frameincluding a pair of spaced parallelly extending jambs havinglongitudinal channels formed in the inwardly directed faces thereof,each of said jambs having a longitudinally extending groove of arcuatecross section formed in the bottom of said channels; a sash disposedbetween said jambs including a pair of spaced parallelly extendingstiles received in said channels, each of said stiles having alongitudinally extending recess formed in the outwardly directed edgethereof; a stiff resilient member mounted in each of said recesses, eachof said resilient members extending parallel to said jambs and having anouter portion curved to conform to the cross section of said grooves andreceived therein; means mounting lat least one of said resilient membersfor movement in said recess outwardly toward said jamb; spring meansinterposed between said sash and said movable resilient members forurging both of said members into pressure engagement with the bottoms ofsaid grooves; and roller means carried by each of said resilient membersin a position to simultaneously engage said jamb for limiting the pres-,A

sure engagement between said resilient member and said jamb to apredetermined value.

3. In a sash and frame construction, the combination of: a frameincluding a pair of spaced parallelly extending jambs havinglongitudinal channels formed in the inwardly directed faces thereof,each of said jambs having three longitudinally extending grooves ofarcuate cross section formed in the bottom of said channels; a sas-hdisposed between said jambs including a pair of spaced parallellyextending Stiles received in said channels, each of said stiles having alongitudinally extending recess formed in the outwardly directed edgethereof; a channel-shaped member formed of resilient material mounted ineach of said recesses with the legs of said channel extending outwardlytherefrom, each of said legs being turned back upon itself to provide anouter portion curved to conform to the cross section of the outer onesof said three grooves and received therein; means securing one of saidchannel members in its recess in a fixed position relative to saidstile; means mounting the other of said channel members in its recessfor movement outwardly toward said jamb; spring means interposed betweensaid sash and said movable channel member for urging both of saidmembers into pressure engagement with the bottoms of said grooves; and aplurality of rollers disposed between the legs of both of said channelmembers in a position to engage the center ones of said grooves forlimiting the pressure engagement between the legs of said channelmembers and said jambs to a predetermined value.

4. In a sash and frame construction, the combination of z a frameincluding spaced parallelly extending jambs; a sash disposed betweensaid jambs and having a width less than the distance therebetween toleave a space of predetermined width between"` said sash and jambs; apair of stop members carried by each of said jambs on opposite sides ofsaid sash, one pair of said stop members having a width greater thansaid space for deiining a deep channel and the other pair of said stopmembers having a width less than said space for dening a shallowchannel; and a Weather sealing unit carried by said sash in said deepchannel including weather sealing members engageable with said jamb,spring means interposed between said sash and said weather sealingmembers for urging said members intov pressure engagement with saidjamb, and means carried by said weather sealing members in a position toalso engage said jamb and limit said pressure engagement to apredetermined value, whereby removal of said sash from said frame bymovement of said sash to the bottom of said deep channel is permittedwithout exceeding said predetermined value of said pressure engagementbetween said jamb and said weather sealing members.

5. In a sash and frame construction, the combination of: a frameincluding a pair of spaced parallelly extending jambs; a sash disposedbetween said jambs including a pair of spaced stiles disposed parallelto said jambs, each of said stiles having a longitudinally extendingrecess formed in the outwardly directed edge thereof, said sash having awidth less than the distance between said jambs to leave a space ofpredetermined width between said sash and jambs; a pair of stop memberscarried by each of said jambs on opposite sides of said stiles, one pairof said stop members having a width greater than said space for deiininga deep channel and the other pair of said stop members having a widthless than' said space for deilning a shallow channel; a stiff resilientmember mounted in each of said recesses, each of said resilient membersextending parallel to said jambs and engageable therewith; meansmounting the one of said resilient members associated with said deepchannel for movement in said recess outwardly toward said jamb; springmeans interposed between said sash and said movable resilient member forurging both of said members into pressure engagement with said jambs;and roller means carried by each of said resilient members in a positionto simultaneously engage said jambs for limiting the pressure engagementbetweensaid resilient member and said jamb to a predetermined value,whereby removal of said sash'from said frame by movement of said sash tothe bottom oi said deep channel is permitted without exceeding saidpredetermined value of said pressure engagement between said jamb andsaid resilient members.

JUDSON C. MURPHY. HOWARD B. COLDREN.

